Thursday, April 9, 2020

Working Principle of Fiber Optics

Fiber optic structure consists of several structures, namely Cladding, Core, and Buffer Coating. Core or core is a thin glass fiber into a medium of running light, so light delivery can be done. Cladding is an outer layer that protects the core and reflects back light that radiates out back into the core. While the Buffer Coating is a plastic sheath that aims to protect the fiber from damage resulting from cable arches and external disturbances such as humidity.

The working principle of optical fiber  depends on the principle of the amount of internal reflection. Reflection of light or refracted based on the angle that strikes the surface. This principle is centered on how optical fibers work. Limiting the angle at which light waves are sent makes it possible to control them efficiently to the point of accuracy. Light waves are covered with the core of optical fiber, in the same way that the radio signal frequency is covered with a coaxial cable. Light waves are directed to the ends of the fiber by being reflected inside the core. Fiber optic cable is usually applied to telecommunications network infrastructure, for example on telephone networks and computer networks.
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Types of Fiber Optic Cables

There are two types of Fiber Optic Cables :

single-mode and multimode

Multimode fiber optic cable  is the type used for commercial purposes. Larger cores than single-mode fibers allow hundreds of modes of light to spread through the fiber simultaneously. In addition multimode diameter has a larger core fiber (diameter 0.0025 inch or 62.5 micron) and functions to transmit infrared laser light (wavelength 850-1300 nm)

Single mode fiber optic cable  has a smaller core (0.00035 inch or 9 micron in diameter) and functions to transmit infrared laser light (wavelength 1300-1550 nm) which allows only one mode to spread light through the core at a time. Single mode fiber was developed to maintain the integrity of the spatial data and spectrum of each optical signal over longer distances, allowing information to be conveyed further.

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